Web of life · the complete record
The Mount Ninderry evidence register
Every connection in the Mount Ninderry web, printed once, with its evidence in full. The explorer tells the story; this register is the record behind it.
100 authored connections across 58 residents and features: 6 seen elsewhere · 94 general ecology. Each connection appears once, under the relationship type it belongs to, in the authored direction (the entry whose own page carries the quoted words). The explorer reads the same connection from both ends; this register is the single copy both ends rest on, and the counts are computed from the shipped records, never typed in.
The Kabi Kabi (Gubbi Gubbi) people are the Traditional Owners and continuing custodians of this country. This register holds the published scientific record only; knowledge of Country belongs to its custodians and is not represented here.
What the marks mean
- Seen here · Recorded or measured on this mountain itself.
- Seen elsewhere · Documented for these species, and not as a record made at this place. The source may well cover this coast; what it does not carry is the observation here. The tier word, not the verb, says where the work was done.
- General ecology · Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet.
- Our reading · Our editorial interpretation, signed as such.
pollination 7 connections
pollination
The honeyeaters and it trade nectar and likely carried pollen.
the honeyeaters ↔ the grey ironbark · a trade
General ecology The grey ironbark →
Why we say so
The claim. The honeyeaters and it trade nectar and likely carried pollen.
From the book. Ironbarks earn their place in the food web by their timing: they flower into the cooler months, when little else does, and that out-of-season nectar is a windfall for honeyeaters, lorikeets, gliders and flying-foxes through the lean part of the year.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. First in the book's list at the winter bar. Visitation and carried pollen are what the record supports; the birds themselves go unnamed to species in this chapter.
pollination
The honeyeaters and it trade nectar and likely carried pollen.
the honeyeaters ↔ the hairpin banksia · a trade
General ecology The hairpin banksia →
Why we say so
The claim. The honeyeaters and it trade nectar and likely carried pollen.
From the book. That spike is a nectar factory for honeyeaters and native bees by day and small gliders by night.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The day shift at the golden spike. The native bees in the same sentence have no node of their own here, so their share of the work stays in the prose.
pollination
The lorikeets and it trade nectar and likely carried pollen.
the lorikeets ↔ the grey ironbark · a trade
General ecology The grey ironbark →
Why we say so
The claim. The lorikeets and it trade nectar and likely carried pollen.
From the book. Ironbarks earn their place in the food web by their timing: they flower into the cooler months, when little else does, and that out-of-season nectar is a windfall for honeyeaters, lorikeets, gliders and flying-foxes through the lean part of the year.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The winter windfall that carries the nectar-eaters through the lean months, as the book tells it.
pollination
The lorikeets and it trade nectar and likely carried pollen.
the lorikeets ↔ the pink bloodwood · a trade
General ecology The pink bloodwood →
Why we say so
The claim. The lorikeets and it trade nectar and likely carried pollen.
From the book. In high summer it stages one of the great flowering events of the open forest, clouds of scented cream blossom that pull in lorikeets and honeyeaters by day and flying-foxes by night.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The day queue at the summer flowering. Visitation is what the book describes, so the hedged verb is the honest one.
pollination
The native bees and it trade nectar and likely carried pollen.
the native bees ↔ the hairpin banksia · a trade
General ecology The hairpin banksia →
Why we say so
The claim. The native bees and it trade nectar and likely carried pollen.
From this web's own account. They work the banksia spikes and the summer bloodwood blossom, carrying pollen from tree to tree as they go
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The book puts native bees at this spike by day; visitation is what is described, so the verb stays hedged.
pollination
The native bees and it trade nectar and likely carried pollen.
the native bees ↔ the pink bloodwood · a trade
General ecology The pink bloodwood →
Why we say so
The claim. The native bees and it trade nectar and likely carried pollen.
From this web's own account. They work the banksia spikes and the summer bloodwood blossom, carrying pollen from tree to tree as they go
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The same summer flowering, worked by the bees beside the lorikeets and the honeyeaters.
pollination
The sugar glider and it trade nectar and likely carried pollen.
the sugar glider ↔ the grey ironbark · a trade
General ecology The grey ironbark →
Why we say so
The claim. The sugar glider and it trade nectar and likely carried pollen.
From the book. Ironbarks earn their place in the food web by their timing: they flower into the cooler months, when little else does, and that out-of-season nectar is a windfall for honeyeaters, lorikeets, gliders and flying-foxes through the lean part of the year.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The book's winter windfall names its gliders as a guild, and chapter 12 gives the sugar glider the blossom shift; the pairing with this tree is the book's reading of its own cast, at the tier that says so.
seed dispersal 5 connections
Includes spore dispersal and seed dispersal: the card's own label says which.
spore dispersal
The diggers dig up and eat it, and likely spread its spores.
the diggers ↔ the mycorrhizal fungi · a trade
General ecology The mycorrhizal fungi →
Why we say so
The claim. The diggers dig up and eat it, and likely spread its spores.
From the book. They sniff out these buried fungi, dig them up and eat them, and carry the spores off in their gut to be dropped, still alive, across the forest floor. In eating the fungus they plant it.
· the book, Ch 16: Animals and their dependencies
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The fungi cannot move their own spores, so they pay in food, as the plants pay their couriers. The book's digging marsupials for this coast are the bandicoots and the long-nosed potoroo, but the potoroo is an animal of wet forest and heath on the ranges west of here rather than of a small dry rhyolite hill, so the guild is read here as the bandicoots. No digging survey of this hill is on file.
seed dispersal
The mistletoebird eats its fruit or seed, and likely spreads it.
the mistletoebird ↔ the mistletoe · a trade
General ecology The mistletoe →
Why we say so
The claim. The mistletoebird eats its fruit or seed, and likely spreads it.
From the book. The seed passes through the bird in a matter of minutes, and the bird, perched along a branch rather than across it, wipes the still-sticky seed off onto the bark with a little sideways shuffle, planting it exactly where it must land to grow: on a branch, of another tree, primed to sink its root.
· the book, Ch 15: Plants and the partnerships that feed them
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The tightest courier connection in the forest: a year-round meal for a fastidious planting. The book's telling is behavioural, not a marked-seed study.
seed dispersal
The topknot pigeon eats its fruit or seed, and likely spreads it.
the topknot pigeon ↔ the piccabeen palm · a trade
General ecology The piccabeen palm →
Why we say so
The claim. The topknot pigeon eats its fruit or seed, and likely spreads it.
From the book. Those flowers set bunches of round fruit that ripen bright red, and the fruit is the point: the wompoo fruit-dove, the topknot pigeon and the flying-foxes eat it and carry the seed off to the next gully, planting tomorrow's palms.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Second in the book's list at the red fruit, and paid the same way: a meal for a delivery.
seed dispersal
The ants eat its fruit or seed, and likely spread it.
the wattles ↔ the ants · a trade
General ecology The ants →
Why we say so
The claim. The ants eat its fruit or seed, and likely spread it.
From the book. The ants haul the seeds home, eat the morsel, and dump the seed itself, intact, in their underground rubbish chambers, out of the reach of seed-eating birds and buried deep enough to ride out the next fire, until its moment comes.
· the book, Ch 15: Plants and the partnerships that feed them
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The bribe is the oil-rich aril glued to each hard seed. The book calls Australia's dry forests and heaths a world centre of ant-planted flora; no study of this slope is on file, so the edge claims expectation.
seed dispersal
The wompoo fruit-dove eats its fruit or seed, and likely spreads it.
the wompoo fruit-dove ↔ the piccabeen palm · a trade
General ecology The piccabeen palm →
Why we say so
The claim. The wompoo fruit-dove eats its fruit or seed, and likely spreads it.
From the book. Those flowers set bunches of round fruit that ripen bright red, and the fruit is the point: the wompoo fruit-dove, the topknot pigeon and the flying-foxes eat it and carry the seed off to the next gully, planting tomorrow's palms.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The gully's delivery service, named by the book at this palm. Carriage is what the sentence describes; no marked-seed study sits behind it, so the verb stays hedged.
grazing 10 connections
grazing
The brushtail possum feeds on it.
the mistletoe → the brushtail possum
General ecology The mistletoe →
Why we say so
The claim. The brushtail possum feeds on it.
From this web's own account. mistletoe by the mouthful, which makes it one of the few things in this forest that eats mistletoe hard enough to hold it in check
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Possums are the main browsers of mistletoe in eastern forests, and the counterweight to a clump that would otherwise keep growing.
grazing
The cicadas feed on it.
the grey gum → the cicadas
General ecology The grey gum →
Why we say so
The claim. The cicadas feed on it.
From this web's own account. The nymphs sit underground on the roots of the grey gum drinking sap
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Root-feeding nymphs are how every Australian cicada spends nearly all of its life; the species here are unlisted.
grazing
The glossy black-cockatoo feeds on it.
She-oak → the glossy black-cockatoo
General ecology She-oak →
Why we say so
The claim. The glossy black-cockatoo feeds on it.
From this web's own account. will spend a whole day in one she-oak, holding cone after cone in a foot and shearing it open for the seed inside
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The narrowest diet in this web, and the reason the walk stops at a litter of split cones under a she-oak.
grazing
The koala feeds on it.
the grey gum → the koala
General ecology The koala →
Why we say so
The claim. The koala feeds on it.
From the book. And it is one of the koala's favoured feed trees on this coast, as is its constant companion the **tallowwood** (*Eucalyptus microcorys*), which wears soft, fibrous, reddish-brown bark right up the trunk over a timber so greasy when freshly cut that the old sawyers likened it to working a block of tallow.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The book's warrant is an on-this-coast sentence, plus the walk's own hint that this slope is koala country; no koala has been recorded at this tree in our register, and the tier says so.
grazing
The leaf chewers feed on it.
the grey ironbark → the leaf chewers
General ecology The grey ironbark →
Why we say so
The claim. The leaf chewers feed on it.
From this web's own account. caterpillars strip the soft new leaves of the tallowwood and the ironbark at every flush
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The same crowd on the other feed tree of the ridge.
grazing
The leaf chewers feed on it.
the tallowwood → the leaf chewers
General ecology The tallowwood →
Why we say so
The claim. The leaf chewers feed on it.
From this web's own account. caterpillars strip the soft new leaves of the tallowwood and the ironbark at every flush
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Insect herbivory on eucalypt new growth is heavy and well described; the tally for this slope is nobody's.
grazing
The yellow-bellied glider feeds on it.
the pink bloodwood → the yellow-bellied glider
General ecology The yellow-bellied glider →
Why we say so
The claim. The yellow-bellied glider feeds on it.
From the book. And the yellow-bellied glider scores its bark to drink the bleed, so this one tree is three things at once: a summer nectar bar, a sap well, and, as it ages, a maker of hollows.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The sap-well connection: the glider scores the bark and laps the bleed. The book names the tree and the animal in one sentence; no Ninderry record sits behind it, so it claims expectation.
grazing
The pale-headed rosellas feed on it.
the forest grasses → the pale-headed rosellas
General ecology The forest grasses →
Why we say so
The claim. The pale-headed rosellas feed on it.
From this web's own account. the seed heads of the forest grasses, taken while the birds walk about in the sward
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Grass seed is the staple of this parrot wherever it lives; no feeding record exists for this hill.
grazing
The sap-suckers feed on it.
the grey gum → the sap-suckers
General ecology The grey gum →
Why we say so
The claim. The sap-suckers feed on it.
From this web's own account. The sap-suckers tap the sap of the gum leaves
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Sap-sucking bugs are on every eucalypt in the country; which of them are on this hill is unrecorded.
grazing
The koala feeds on it.
the tallowwood → the koala
General ecology The koala →
Why we say so
The claim. The koala feeds on it.
From the book. Where the two grow side by side, as they do here, you are standing in the best browse the open forest offers, and koalas live where the soil is just rich enough to grow these trees: the first hint that this slope is koala country.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The strongest local sentence the book offers for the koala on this hill, and it is a hint read off the soil and the trees, not a sighting record; expected is the honest tier.
predation 28 connections
predation
The carpet python hunts it.
the yellow-footed antechinus → the carpet python
General ecology The carpet python →
Why we say so
The claim. The carpet python hunts it.
From this web's own account. A carpet python will take an antechinus straight out of the nest
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. A communal nest in a hollow is a convenient meal for anything that can get in.
predation
The yellow-footed antechinus hunts it.
the litter invertebrates → the yellow-footed antechinus
General ecology The litter invertebrates →
Why we say so
The claim. The yellow-footed antechinus hunts it.
From this web's own account. taking the litter invertebrates by the dozen and opening termite galleries wherever it finds them
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. A hunter that eats close to its own body weight in invertebrates every night; ordinary ecology, unrecorded here.
predation
The yellow-footed antechinus hunts it.
the termites → the yellow-footed antechinus
General ecology The termites →
Why we say so
The claim. The yellow-footed antechinus hunts it.
From this web's own account. taking the litter invertebrates by the dozen and opening termite galleries wherever it finds them
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Termites under bark are easy protein for a small climbing hunter.
predation
The carpet python hunts it.
the brushtail possum → the carpet python
General ecology The carpet python →
Why we say so
The claim. The carpet python hunts it.
From this web's own account. a carpet python will lift one straight out of its hollow
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The second reason a hollow is not entirely safe, and the one that comes in through the door.
predation
The powerful owl hunts it.
the brushtail possum → the powerful owl
General ecology The powerful owl →
Why we say so
The claim. The powerful owl hunts it.
From this web's own account. A powerful owl will take a brushtail out of a fork
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The book puts this owl over the whole possum and glider cast. What weighs heaviest in a powerful owl's diet varies with what a district holds, and the one published study from this region put flying-foxes and ringtail possums ahead of the brushtail, so this row claims the taking and not a ranking.
predation
The carpet python hunts it.
the ringtail possum → the carpet python
General ecology The ringtail possum →
Why we say so
The claim. The carpet python hunts it.
From this web's own account. in this forest that means the ringtail possum above all, taken off a branch at night
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Ringtails are the staple prey of this snake in eastern forests; nothing has been recorded on this hill.
predation
The kookaburra hunts it.
the cicadas → the kookaburra
General ecology The kookaburra →
Why we say so
The claim. The kookaburra hunts it.
From this web's own account. A kookaburra will take cicadas all summer
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The summer emergence is a windfall for every insect-eating bird on the hill.
predation
The echidna hunts it.
the ants → the echidna
General ecology The ants →
Why we say so
The claim. The echidna hunts it.
From this web's own account. It opens ant nests and rips into termite galleries with claws built for the job
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Ants and termites are close to the whole diet of this animal, with beetle larvae and other soil invertebrates making up the rest; no survey of this hill records it, and its diggings are easy to miss.
predation
The echidna hunts it.
the termites → the echidna
General ecology The termites →
Why we say so
The claim. The echidna hunts it.
From this web's own account. It opens ant nests and rips into termite galleries with claws built for the job
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The one predator here that can get into a termite gallery at will.
predation
The feral cat hunts it.
the diggers → the feral cat
General ecology The diggers →
Why we say so
The claim. The feral cat hunts it.
From the book. The digging marsupials sit squarely in the size range the fox and the feral cat find easiest to kill, and across much of Australia they have been hunted down to scattered remnants or lost altogether.
· the book, Ch 16: Animals and their dependencies
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Named beside the fox on the same kill list; the book's critical-weight-range diggers are the prey both invaders find easiest.
predation
The spiders hunt it.
the leaf chewers → the spiders
General ecology The spiders →
Why we say so
The claim. The spiders hunt it.
From this web's own account. the spiders take them out of the air
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The invertebrate half of the same check, and by weight probably the larger half.
predation
The white-throated treecreeper hunts it.
the leaf chewers → the white-throated treecreeper
General ecology The white-throated treecreeper →
Why we say so
The claim. The white-throated treecreeper hunts it.
From this web's own account. The treecreeper takes them off the bark and the branches
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Bark-foraging birds are the main check on the chewers between flushes.
predation
The microbats hunt it.
the moths and butterflies → the microbats
General ecology The microbats →
Why we say so
The claim. The microbats hunt it.
From this web's own account. a microbat can take hundreds of moths in a night
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Moths are the bulk of what an insect-hawking bat eats, which is the link between the hollows and the night air.
predation
The powerful owl hunts it.
the greater glider → the powerful owl
General ecology The greater glider →
Why we say so
The claim. The powerful owl hunts it.
From the book. Above them hunts the powerful owl (*Ninox strenua*), the largest owl on the continent, which takes gliders and possums out of the air and needs a wide territory of old forest to find enough of them.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The apex connection of the night shift: the continent's largest owl hunting the gliding cast beneath it, with the greater glider the biggest prize in the book's telling. No prey record from this hill is on file, and the tier says exactly that.
predation
The powerful owl hunts it.
the ringtail possum → the powerful owl
General ecology The ringtail possum →
Why we say so
The claim. The powerful owl hunts it.
From the guide. *Ninox strenua* is the largest owl on the continent, and after dark it hunts the canopy as nothing else here can, plucking gliders and possums clean off the branches.
· read it in place →
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The possum half of the owl's night work. The sentence after this one names the ringtail among the animals taken out of the dark mid-clamber, which is the book reading its own cast rather than a pellet study; no diet analysis sits behind it in the register, so the edge claims expectation.
predation
The red fox hunts it.
the diggers → the red fox
General ecology The diggers →
Why we say so
The claim. The red fox hunts it.
From the book. The digging marsupials sit squarely in the size range the fox and the feral cat find easiest to kill, and across much of Australia they have been hunted down to scattered remnants or lost altogether.
· the book, Ch 16: Animals and their dependencies
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The pressure the book names on the whole digging guild, and the slow unravelling it warns of: lose the diggers and the fungal network beneath the trees thins with them.
predation
The lace monitor hunts it.
the pale-headed rosellas → the lace monitor
General ecology The lace monitor →
Why we say so
The claim. The lace monitor hunts it.
From this web's own account. a lace monitor climbing a trunk in the middle of the day is often looking for exactly that hole
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The book already has this goanna raiding nests; here is a nest for it to raid.
predation
The honeyeaters hunt it.
the sap-suckers → the honeyeaters
General ecology The honeyeaters →
Why we say so
The claim. The honeyeaters hunt it.
From this web's own account. the honeyeaters come off the blossom to take lerp whenever nectar runs short
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The nectar birds are insect eaters too, which is how they hold a territory between flowerings.
predation
The striated pardalote hunts it.
the sap-suckers → the striated pardalote
General ecology The striated pardalote →
Why we say so
The claim. The striated pardalote hunts it.
From this web's own account. The striated pardalote works the foliage for them all day
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Lerp and psyllid are close to this bird's whole diet.
predation
The kookaburra hunts it.
the skinks → the kookaburra
General ecology The kookaburra →
Why we say so
The claim. The kookaburra hunts it.
From this web's own account. A kookaburra takes skinks off the ground all day
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Small reptiles are a staple for this bird, and this is the first prey the web gives it.
predation
The lace monitor hunts it.
the skinks → the lace monitor
General ecology The lace monitor →
Why we say so
The claim. The lace monitor hunts it.
From this web's own account. a lace monitor turns logs over looking for them
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The goanna the book has raiding nests and carrion takes small lizards on the same rounds.
predation
The skinks hunt it.
the litter invertebrates → the skinks
General ecology The litter invertebrates →
Why we say so
The claim. The skinks hunt it.
From this web's own account. They hunt the litter invertebrates through the leaf fall and the rotting timber
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The step that carries the litter's energy up into things with backbones; ordinary ecology, unmeasured here.
predation
The spiders hunt it.
the moths and butterflies → the spiders
General ecology The moths and butterflies →
Why we say so
The claim. The spiders hunt it.
From this web's own account. Almost anything small enough is fair game, the moths off the night blossom among them
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Orb webs strung across flight lines are aimed at exactly this traffic.
predation
The white-throated treecreeper hunts it.
the spiders → the white-throated treecreeper
General ecology The white-throated treecreeper →
Why we say so
The claim. The white-throated treecreeper hunts it.
From this web's own account. which is what a treecreeper is doing when it works the bark crevices
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. A bark forager takes spiders as readily as beetles; a predator here is also prey.
predation
The powerful owl hunts it.
the squirrel glider → the powerful owl
General ecology The powerful owl →
Why we say so
The claim. The powerful owl hunts it.
From the book. Above them hunts the powerful owl (*Ninox strenua*), the largest owl on the continent, which takes gliders and possums out of the air and needs a wide territory of old forest to find enough of them.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. One of the gliders the owl takes out of the air, in the book's words; the record names the guild rather than the species, and the tier holds to that.
predation
The powerful owl hunts it.
the sugar glider → the powerful owl
General ecology The powerful owl →
Why we say so
The claim. The powerful owl hunts it.
From the book. Above them hunts the powerful owl (*Ninox strenua*), the largest owl on the continent, which takes gliders and possums out of the air and needs a wide territory of old forest to find enough of them.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The smallest glider in this web under the biggest owl. The book names this species to the blossom shift in the sentences just above and then puts the owl over the whole gliding cast; nothing in the register weighs what an owl on this coast actually eats, so the edge claims expectation.
predation
The white-throated treecreeper hunts it.
the ants → the white-throated treecreeper
General ecology The ants →
Why we say so
The claim. The white-throated treecreeper hunts it.
From this web's own account. spiral upward prising ants and small beetles out of every crack in the bark
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Ants are the bulk of a treecreeper's diet across its range; nothing has been sampled on this slope.
predation
The powerful owl hunts it.
the yellow-bellied glider → the powerful owl
General ecology The powerful owl →
Why we say so
The claim. The powerful owl hunts it.
From the book. Above them hunts the powerful owl (*Ninox strenua*), the largest owl on the continent, which takes gliders and possums out of the air and needs a wide territory of old forest to find enough of them.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The book puts the owl over the whole gliding cast; no glider is named to species in the talons, so the edge claims the general rule and no more.
host plant 1 connection
host plant
The moths and butterflies raise their young on it.
the wattles → the moths and butterflies
General ecology The wattles →
Why we say so
The claim. The moths and butterflies raise their young on it.
From this web's own account. will lay on the wattles and nowhere else, so the caterpillars hatch onto the only leaves they can digest
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Acacia is one of the most used caterpillar host genera in Australia; which moths use these particular wattles is unrecorded.
habitat and shelter 32 connections
habitat and shelter
The yellow-footed antechinus lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the yellow-footed antechinus
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The yellow-footed antechinus lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
From this web's own account. it nests in a hollow limb or under loose bark with a dozen others for company
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. A small hollow user, and a reminder that the hollow economy is not only about the big charismatic tenants.
habitat and shelter
The brushtail possum lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the brushtail possum
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The brushtail possum lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
From this web's own account. It dens by day in a hollow in the open forest
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The commonest hollow user of the lot, and the one most often turned out by a shortage of them.
habitat and shelter
The brushtail possum lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
the tallowwood → the brushtail possum
General ecology The tallowwood →
Why we say so
The claim. The brushtail possum lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
From this web's own account. in an old tallowwood if it can get one
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The hollow this possum wants is the one the rot fungi and the termites have spent a century making in a big old tree.
habitat and shelter
The carpet python lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the carpet python
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The carpet python lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
From this web's own account. coiled in a hollow or along a warm branch in the open forest
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. A predator in the hollow economy as a tenant as well as a hunter of it.
habitat and shelter
The cycad grows in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the cycad
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The cycad grows in it.
From the book. The zamias of the heath and open forest, the *Macrozamia* cycads, are survivors from an older world, gymnosperms from a lineage older than the flowering plants, squat and palm-like, their fat cones packed with vivid, poisonous seeds.
· the book, Ch 15: Plants and the partnerships that feed them
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The book stands it in the open forest, and the walk up this hill stops at it by name. Its pollinators are host-specific thrips with no node of their own here, so that older partnership stays in the prose.
habitat and shelter
The forest grass-tree grows in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the forest grass-tree
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The forest grass-tree grows in it.
From the book. The grassy, sunlit floor of this country can hold a startling number of small plants in a single patch: kangaroo grass and wiregrass between the trunks, and threaded among them flax lilies, native peas, daisies, ground orchids and the little pink trigger plants, with hairpin banksia, grass-trees (*Xanthorrhoea johnsonii*) and the stout, palm-like cycad *Macrozamia miquelii* standing up through the sward.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The book stands it in the open woodland floor that regular, gentle fire keeps in flower. Its smoke-cued flowering is the walk's own story; fire carries no node edges in this web, so that trigger stays in the prose.
habitat and shelter
The forest grasses grow in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the forest grasses
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The forest grasses grow in it.
From the book. The grassy, sunlit floor of this country can hold a startling number of small plants in a single patch: kangaroo grass and wiregrass between the trunks, and threaded among them flax lilies, native peas, daisies, ground orchids and the little pink trigger plants, with hairpin banksia, grass-trees (*Xanthorrhoea johnsonii*) and the stout, palm-like cycad *Macrozamia miquelii* standing up through the sward.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. First on the book's list of what stands on this floor, and the layer that carries the fire the rest of the floor depends on.
habitat and shelter
The glossy black-cockatoo lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the glossy black-cockatoo
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The glossy black-cockatoo lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
From this web's own account. nesting only in a large hollow in an old eucalypt of the surrounding forest
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. A large hollow is centuries of work, and this bird will use nothing smaller: two dependencies, either of which can end it.
habitat and shelter
The greater glider lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the greater glider
Seen elsewhere Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The greater glider lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
From the guide. By day it dens in the hollow of an old tree, and rarely just one; an animal may rotate through several across its range.
· read it in place →
How sure. Documented for these species, and not as a record made at this place. The source may well cover this coast; what it does not carry is the observation here. The tier word, not the verb, says where the work was done. The second dependence, and the one that undoes the animal: not leaf but a hole a century in the excavating, and rarely a single hole. The citation is the standing national account of Australia's hollow-dependent fauna, so what is on the record is the species and its need, not this mountain; nobody has spotlit this slope for gliders in anything the register holds.
habitat and shelter
The greater glider lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
the tallowwood → the greater glider
General ecology The tallowwood →
Why we say so
The claim. The greater glider lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
From the book. In these forests a blackbutt carries no hollow a possum could use until it is about a hundred and sixty years old; a tallowwood's small hollows come at around two centuries, its big ones at two hundred and fifty or more.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The book reads the glider's apartment block off one named tree, and the evidence behind it comes in two halves that do not meet. Wormington and Lamb measured how long a tallowwood takes to grow a usable hollow, in this region's forests, and never watched an animal; the hollow-fauna account records the glider's dependence and never measured a tallowwood. No source on file joins the two, so this edge claims expectation and nothing more.
habitat and shelter
The gully ferns grow in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the gully ferns
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The gully ferns grow in it.
From this web's own account. ferns take over the floor of the forest: ground ferns in sheets between the rocks
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Ferns hold the moist, shaded, rarely burnt shoulder of any hinterland gum forest; here that is the head of the palm gully.
habitat and shelter
The hairpin banksia grows in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the hairpin banksia
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The hairpin banksia grows in it.
From the book. The grassy, sunlit floor of this country can hold a startling number of small plants in a single patch: kangaroo grass and wiregrass between the trunks, and threaded among them flax lilies, native peas, daisies, ground orchids and the little pink trigger plants, with hairpin banksia, grass-trees (*Xanthorrhoea johnsonii*) and the stout, palm-like cycad *Macrozamia miquelii* standing up through the sward.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Counted by the book in the sunlit floor of the regularly burnt woodland. Its fire-banked seed and its night visitors are told on the walk itself; the small gliders at its spike go unnamed there, so no glider edge is authored.
habitat and shelter
The hyacinth orchid grows in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the hyacinth orchid
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The hyacinth orchid grows in it.
From the book. Here and there on the floor of the gum forest, without fanfare, a leafless flower spike pushes up out of the litter: no green leaves anywhere on it, sometimes no green at all, just a naked stem of spotted, purplish bloom.
· the book, Ch 15: Plants and the partnerships that feed them
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Where the book places it: the floor of exactly this kind of forest, its living drawn from below rather than above.
habitat and shelter
The koala lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the koala
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The koala lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
From the book. The koala needs the right feed trees, enough of them, connected closely enough to move between safely, and across South-East Queensland, including this coast, those forests have been cleared, fragmented and cut through with roads at cruel cost.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Not eucalypts in general but the right feed trees, joined closely enough to cross in safety: the book's three-part demand, and the reason a forest kept standing for the koala is kept for every tenant behind it.
habitat and shelter
The kookaburra lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the kookaburra
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The kookaburra lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
From the book. A kookaburra detonates its laugh from a dead branch; rainbow lorikeets tear shrieking through the blossom; magpies carol, honeyeaters and pale-headed rosellas comb the canopy, and a lace monitor (*Varanus varius*) scratches up a trunk at your approach.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The book's roll-call of the forest by day. What it hunts here goes unnamed in the record, so this web carries only where the bird holds its perch.
habitat and shelter
The lace monitor lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the lace monitor
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The lace monitor lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
From the book. The lace monitor, a goanna up to two metres long, lumbers through the forest and the picnic ground raiding nests and carrion, then bolts up the nearest trunk when startled.
· the book, Ch 16: Animals and their dependencies
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. A predator doing a predator's job in this forest, as the book puts it. Whose nests it raids goes unnamed, so no predation edge is authored: a connection needs a named partner.
habitat and shelter
The lantana grows in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the lantana
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The lantana grows in it.
From the book. Woody shrubs and small trees that a burn would have knocked back grow up instead unchecked and crowd into the mid-storey: wattles, mainly *Acacia leiocalyx* and *A. disparrima*, which germinate in dense flushes; the black she-oak, *Allocasuarina littoralis*, the most persistent local offender; and, in moister or disturbed patches, rainforest pioneers and the smothering exotic weed lantana.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The uninvited thickener of the moister and disturbed patches, and this mountain's own weeding problem: the book records a walking track through an old banana paddock now choked with exotic grass, on a hill still being weeded back.
habitat and shelter
The microbats live in, nest in or shelter in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the microbats
Seen elsewhere Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The microbats live in, nest in or shelter in it.
From the book. The gliders den in hollows through the day; the owls and parrots nest in them; the microbats roost in them.
· the book manuscript
How sure. Documented for these species, and not as a record made at this place. The source may well cover this coast; what it does not carry is the observation here. The tier word, not the verb, says where the work was done. The hollow is a century or more in the excavating, and the bats' roost depends on the old trees still standing. The citation is the national account of Australia's hollow-dependent fauna, which is a record of the animals and not of this mountain. Their moth hunting has no named prey node, so it stays in the prose.
habitat and shelter
The native bees live in, nest in or shelter in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the native bees
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The native bees live in, nest in or shelter in it.
From this web's own account. a dry cavity in an old limb, which puts the bees in the queue for hollows with everything else in this forest
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. One more claim on the hollows, and the one nobody counts when they count hollow users.
habitat and shelter
The native peas grow in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the native peas
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The native peas grow in it.
From the book. The grassy, sunlit floor of this country can hold a startling number of small plants in a single patch: kangaroo grass and wiregrass between the trunks, and threaded among them flax lilies, native peas, daisies, ground orchids and the little pink trigger plants, with hairpin banksia, grass-trees (*Xanthorrhoea johnsonii*) and the stout, palm-like cycad *Macrozamia miquelii* standing up through the sward.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Counted by the book among the small plants of the sunlit floor.
habitat and shelter
The striated pardalote lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the striated pardalote
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The striated pardalote lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
From this web's own account. it nests in a tunnel dug into a bank or in a small hollow of the forest
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. One of the few hollow users here with a fallback, which is why pardalotes hold on where the old trees have gone.
habitat and shelter
The powerful owl lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the powerful owl
Seen elsewhere Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The powerful owl lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
From the book. The gliders den in hollows through the day; the owls and parrots nest in them; the microbats roost in them.
· the book manuscript
How sure. Documented for these species, and not as a record made at this place. The source may well cover this coast; what it does not carry is the observation here. The tier word, not the verb, says where the work was done. A breeding pair needs a very large old-tree hollow and a wide territory of old forest with enough prey in it, which is why the owl reads as a top-of-the-web audit of whether the old trees still stand. The citation is the national account of Australia's hollow-dependent fauna: the owl's need for a hollow is on the record, its nest on this mountain is not, and this page would not say where one was if it knew.
habitat and shelter
The pale-headed rosellas live in, nest in or shelter in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the pale-headed rosellas
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The pale-headed rosellas live in, nest in or shelter in it.
From this web's own account. They nest in a hollow limb deep in an old eucalypt
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Every Australian parrot but a handful nests in a tree hollow, which is why parrots and old trees stand or fall together.
habitat and shelter
The pale-headed rosellas live in, nest in or shelter in it.
the tallowwood → the pale-headed rosellas
General ecology The tallowwood →
Why we say so
The claim. The pale-headed rosellas live in, nest in or shelter in it.
From this web's own account. an old tallowwood as readily as anything
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The other end of the hollow economy on a named trunk: what the rot fungi and the termites open in an old tallowwood is what a parrot lays its eggs in.
habitat and shelter
She-oak grows in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → She-oak
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. She-oak grows in it.
From the book. Woody shrubs and small trees that a burn would have knocked back grow up instead unchecked and crowd into the mid-storey: wattles, mainly *Acacia leiocalyx* and *A. disparrima*, which germinate in dense flushes; the black she-oak, *Allocasuarina littoralis*, the most persistent local offender; and, in moister or disturbed patches, rainforest pioneers and the smothering exotic weed lantana.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Where the black she-oak stands in this woodland, and its double character there: the most persistent mid-storey thickener when fire is withheld, and, underground, a quiet fertiliser of the poor rhyolite soil through the Frankia in its root nodules.
habitat and shelter
The skinks live in, nest in or shelter in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the skinks
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The skinks live in, nest in or shelter in it.
From this web's own account. they shelter under the same fallen wood, which is why a tidy forest with its dead timber cleared away holds so few of them
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Fallen timber is habitat, not mess, and this is the clearest place in this web to see it.
habitat and shelter
The spiders live in, nest in or shelter in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the spiders
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The spiders live in, nest in or shelter in it.
From this web's own account. orb weavers strung between the saplings of the open forest, huntsmen pressed flat under loose bark
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Web sites and bark refuges are what a spider needs from a forest, and both come with structure rather than with any one tree.
habitat and shelter
The squirrel glider lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the squirrel glider
Seen elsewhere Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The squirrel glider lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
From the book. The gliders den in hollows through the day; the owls and parrots nest in them; the microbats roost in them.
· the book manuscript
How sure. Documented for these species, and not as a record made at this place. The source may well cover this coast; what it does not carry is the observation here. The tier word, not the verb, says where the work was done. The same hole this glider's cousins queue for, and the reason a forest can look green and still be uninhabitable. The citation is the national account of hollow-dependent fauna, so nothing here is a Ninderry record.
habitat and shelter
The sugar glider lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the sugar glider
Seen elsewhere Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The sugar glider lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
From the book. The gliders den in hollows through the day; the owls and parrots nest in them; the microbats roost in them.
· the book manuscript
How sure. Documented for these species, and not as a record made at this place. The source may well cover this coast; what it does not carry is the observation here. The tier word, not the verb, says where the work was done. Chapter 12 names this glider to species two sentences before it says where the gliders sleep, so the guild word carries it. The citation is the national account of Australia's hollow-dependent fauna, not a survey of this hill, and the tier is set to the record that exists.
habitat and shelter
The white-throated treecreeper lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the white-throated treecreeper
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The white-throated treecreeper lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
From this web's own account. It nests in a hollow spout like the rest of this forest's tenants
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Another hollow nester, and one whose feeding also depends on old, deeply furrowed bark.
habitat and shelter
The wattles grow in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the wattles
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The wattles grow in it.
From the book. Woody shrubs and small trees that a burn would have knocked back grow up instead unchecked and crowd into the mid-storey: wattles, mainly *Acacia leiocalyx* and *A. disparrima*, which germinate in dense flushes; the black she-oak, *Allocasuarina littoralis*, the most persistent local offender; and, in moister or disturbed patches, rainforest pioneers and the smothering exotic weed lantana.
· the book manuscript
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Where the wattles stand in this woodland, and what they do to it when fire is withheld: dense flushes that thicken the mid-storey and shade the flowering floor. Their nitrogen renting is chapter 15's story, told against ground that has no soil node here.
habitat and shelter
The yellow-bellied glider lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the yellow-bellied glider
Seen elsewhere Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The yellow-bellied glider lives in, nests in or shelters in it.
From the book. The gliders den in hollows through the day; the owls and parrots nest in them; the microbats roost in them.
· the book manuscript
How sure. Documented for these species, and not as a record made at this place. The source may well cover this coast; what it does not carry is the observation here. The tier word, not the verb, says where the work was done. The sap well is only half this animal's tenancy; the other half is a hole in an old tree. The citation is the standing national account of Australia's hollow-dependent fauna, so the record is of the species, not of this mountain.
parasitism or disease 4 connections
parasitism or disease
The hyacinth orchid lives at its expense.
the mycorrhizal fungi → the hyacinth orchid
General ecology The mycorrhizal fungi →
Why we say so
The claim. The hyacinth orchid lives at its expense.
From the book. Lacking chlorophyll, they make no sugar of their own; instead they tap into the very mycorrhizal fungi that the surrounding trees feed, and draw their whole living, second-hand, from the sugar those trees pumped into the network.
· the book, Ch 15: Plants and the partnerships that feed them
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The cheat of the underground economy: it pays the fungus nothing and the trees nothing, and lives entirely on the network's traffic.
parasitism or disease
The mistletoe lives at its expense.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the mistletoe
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The mistletoe lives at its expense.
From the book. And for all that it robs the individual trees it rides on, the mistletoe earns a certain keep in the wider forest: its dense clumps are prized nesting cover, and its nectar and fruit feed a long list of birds and insects, so that, against all intuition, a woodland with mistletoe in it is usually a richer one.
· the book, Ch 15: Plants and the partnerships that feed them
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. A thief to the tree it rides on and a provider to the woodland around it, both at once; the book's chapter notes carry the removal experiment behind that last, counter-intuitive clause.
parasitism or disease
The wood-rot fungi live at its expense.
the pink bloodwood → the wood-rot fungi
General ecology The pink bloodwood →
Why we say so
The claim. The wood-rot fungi live at its expense.
From this web's own account. works inward from a broken limb into the heartwood of a living tallowwood or an ageing pink bloodwood, quietly weakening the tree from the inside
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The book already calls the ageing bloodwood a maker of hollows; this is the mechanism it makes them by.
parasitism or disease
The wood-rot fungi live at its expense.
the tallowwood → the wood-rot fungi
General ecology The tallowwood →
Why we say so
The claim. The wood-rot fungi live at its expense.
From this web's own account. works inward from a broken limb into the heartwood of a living tallowwood or an ageing pink bloodwood, quietly weakening the tree from the inside
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Heart rot, the slow half of hollow-making: a cost to the individual tree and the housing supply for half this web.
a fungal partnership 3 connections
a fungal partnership
The forest grass-tree and it trade sugar and minerals underground.
the forest grass-tree ↔ the mycorrhizal fungi · a trade
General ecology The mycorrhizal fungi →
Why we say so
The claim. The forest grass-tree and it trade sugar and minerals underground.
From the book. It leans, like nearly everything here, on fungal partners at its roots, and it answers fire not with death but with flowering: a burn that blackens the trunk triggers the great spike, so that a recently burnt heath fairly bristles with them.
· the book, Ch 15: Plants and the partnerships that feed them
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Told in the book's grass-tree portrait, which is written from the heath; the same slow plant stands on this slope, and its chapter notes carry the genus, including this species, as mycorrhizal.
a fungal partnership
The mycorrhizal fungi and it trade sugar and minerals underground.
the mycorrhizal fungi ↔ the grey gum · a trade
General ecology The grey gum →
Why we say so
The claim. The mycorrhizal fungi and it trade sugar and minerals underground.
From this web's own account. sheathe and enter the fine roots of the grey gum and the ironbark
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Standard ecology for eucalypts, which are mycorrhizal almost without exception; no root sample from this hill is on file.
a fungal partnership
The mycorrhizal fungi and it trade sugar and minerals underground.
the mycorrhizal fungi ↔ the grey ironbark · a trade
General ecology The grey ironbark →
Why we say so
The claim. The mycorrhizal fungi and it trade sugar and minerals underground.
From this web's own account. sheathe and enter the fine roots of the grey gum and the ironbark
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The same trade at the other big tree of this slope.
decomposition 7 connections
decomposition
The litter fungi break down its fallen leaves and litter.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the litter fungi
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The litter fungi break down its fallen leaves and litter.
From this web's own account. Their threads run through the litter of the open forest
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The other half of decomposition, beside the shredders: general ecology, unrecorded here.
decomposition
The litter fungi break it down when it falls.
the forest grasses → the litter fungi
General ecology The forest grasses →
Why we say so
The claim. The litter fungi break it down when it falls.
From this web's own account. Where the forest grasses die back and thatch over, the same fungi work through the dead stems
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Grass thatch rots where it falls, which is why a grassy floor does not bury itself.
decomposition
The litter invertebrates break down its fallen leaves and litter.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the litter invertebrates
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The litter invertebrates break down its fallen leaves and litter.
From this web's own account. they chew the fall into fragments with far more surface for the fungi and the bacteria to attack
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Shredding is the first step of decomposition anywhere leaves fall; the species list for this hill is nobody's yet.
decomposition
The soil bacteria break down its fallen leaves and litter.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the soil bacteria
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The soil bacteria break down its fallen leaves and litter.
From this web's own account. the soil bacteria of the open forest finish the job and hand the minerals back to the roots
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The last step before a nutrient is plant food again: general ecology, and not something anyone has measured on this slope.
decomposition
The termites break down its fallen leaves and litter.
Eucalypt forest and woodland → the termites
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The termites break down its fallen leaves and litter.
From this web's own account. fallen branches in the open forest go down to crumbs within a few years
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Termites are the chief consumers of fallen wood in dry Australian forests; no colony on this hill has been counted.
decomposition
The termites break it down when it falls.
the tallowwood → the termites
General ecology The tallowwood →
Why we say so
The claim. The termites break it down when it falls.
From this web's own account. a colony works up inside the standing trunk and eats the dead heartwood away without touching the sapwood that keeps the tree alive, and that is how a hollow starts
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The fast half of hollow-making, working on the dead heart of a living tree rather than on anything that has fallen. This row and the rot fungi's are the making; the possum, the rosellas and the greater glider on the same tree are the using.
decomposition
The wood-rot fungi break it down when it falls.
the grey gum → the wood-rot fungi
General ecology The grey gum →
Why we say so
The claim. The wood-rot fungi break it down when it falls.
From this web's own account. A grey gum branch on the ground is theirs within a season
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Wood decay by fungi is how dead timber leaves any eucalypt forest; nobody has listed the fungi of this hill.
nutrient cycling 3 connections
nutrient cycling
The native peas feed the soil they grow in.
the native peas → Eucalypt forest and woodland
General ecology Eucalypt forest and woodland →
Why we say so
The claim. The native peas feed the soil they grow in.
From this web's own account. a patch of peas leaves the thin soil it grows in a little richer than it found it
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. Legume nitrogen fixation is standard plant ecology; the gain on this particular ground is nobody's measurement.
nutrient cycling
The soil bacteria feed the soil beneath them.
the soil bacteria → the native peas
General ecology The native peas →
Why we say so
The claim. The soil bacteria feed the soil beneath them.
From this web's own account. In nodules on the roots of the wattles and the native peas they take nitrogen out of the air and fix it into a form a plant can use
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The same trade in the smallest legumes of the floor, which is a good part of why the sward can be so rich on so little soil.
nutrient cycling
The soil bacteria feed the soil beneath them.
the soil bacteria → the wattles
General ecology The wattles →
Why we say so
The claim. The soil bacteria feed the soil beneath them.
From this web's own account. In nodules on the roots of the wattles and the native peas they take nitrogen out of the air and fix it into a form a plant can use
· general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page
The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.
How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made on this mountain yet. The rent the wattles pay to be first onto burnt ground, and the reason a wattle flush leaves the soil better than it found it.
A connection joins this register when the book or a published source can carry it, and not before. An absence here is an open question, not a claim.