The sea country evidence register

The claim. The dugong eats its fruit or seed, and likely spreads it.

From this web's own account. so a dugong or a green turtle that grazes here and swims on is carrying some of it to bottom the parent plant could never have reached · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The green turtle eats its fruit or seed, and likely spreads it.

From this web's own account. a dugong or a green turtle that grazes here and swims on is carrying some of it to bottom the parent plant could never have reached · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The dugong feeds on it.

From the guide. The dugong is one of the strangest secrets the region keeps: a warm-blooded, air-breathing mammal the size of a small cow that spends its whole life underwater eating a flowering plant, cutting slow furrows through the seagrass like a plough through a paddock. · read it in place →

The source. McPhee, D. (2017). Environmental History and Ecology of Moreton Bay. CSIRO Publishing.

How sure. Documented for these species, and not as a record made at this place. The source may well cover this coast; what it does not carry is the observation here. The tier word, not the verb, says where the work was done. The whole animal is staked on this one plant, as the koala is on the gum leaf. The grazing is documented for the bay region on this coast's southern doorstep, in McPhee's regional ecology, exactly as the green turtle's is; for the meadows off this coast itself no feeding study is on file, so the tier says where the recorded work was done. The aerial surveys cited beside this row counted animals, not mouthfuls.

The claim. The grazing molluscs feed on it.

From this web's own account. the turfing algae that coats every lit patch of reef rock · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. Grazing is this web's general word for it. A limpet or a turban shell has no jaws: it files the turf off the stone with a tongue like a rasp.

The claim. The green turtle feeds on it.

From the book. The second grazer is the green turtle, which crops the same seagrass meadows. · the book manuscript

The source. McPhee, D. (2017). Environmental History and Ecology of Moreton Bay. CSIRO Publishing.

How sure. Documented for these species, and not as a record made at this place. The source may well cover this coast; what it does not carry is the observation here. The tier word, not the verb, says where the work was done. Green turtles grazing seagrass is on record for the broader Moreton Bay region, on this coast's southern doorstep, in McPhee's regional ecology; for the meadows off this coast itself the claim rests on the book, so the tier says where the recorded observation lives.

The claim. The plankton feeds on it.

From this web's own account. It is grazed the moment it grows by the plankton, the drifting animals and larvae sharing the same water · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. Grazing is this web's general word for it. What the drifting animals take are the single cells themselves, whole, which is grazing at a scale where the pasture is one cell wide.

The claim. The sea urchins feed on it.

From this web's own account. the young of the leathery brown seaweeds down to bare rock · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The sea urchins feed on it.

From this web's own account. taking the turfing algae and the young of the leathery brown seaweeds down to bare rock · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. Grazing is this web's general word for it. What an urchin actually takes is the turf itself, scraped off the stone by the five-toothed mouth on its underside.

The claim. The pipi feeds on it.

From this web's own account. The pipi strains the diatoms out of the backwash · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. Grazing is this web's general word for it. A pipi has no jaws at all: it filters the diatoms whole out of the water running back down the beach.

The claim. The parrotfish feeds on it.

From this web's own account. which is why the parrotfish crunches at the stone · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. Grazing is this web's general word for it. What a parrotfish takes off the rock is the turf itself, scraped away with a beak, and a little of the stone under it.

The claim. The bottlenose dolphins hunt it.

From this web's own account. the bottlenose dolphins working it in company · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The osprey hunts it.

From this web's own account. the osprey dropping onto its edge · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The pelagic hunters hunt it.

From this web's own account. the pelagic hunters pushing it from below · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The baitfish feed on it.

From this web's own account. They strain the plankton out of the water in enormous numbers · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The seabirds hunt it.

From this web's own account. the seabirds falling on it from above · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The bar-tailed godwit hunts it.

From the book. Birds such as the bar-tailed godwit breed in the brief Arctic summer of Alaska and Siberia and then fly south to spend the rest of the year feeding on flats like these, returning north to breed again. · the book manuscript

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. What the bird is here for. The same paragraph names what the flats hold, worms and crabs and molluscs, and the bird spends the whole non-breeding year eating it. No diet study for the birds on this coast's flats is on file, so the edge stays at the book's word.

The claim. The pied oystercatcher hunts it.

From this web's own account. because a pied oystercatcher probing the wet sand is doing the same thing by other means · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The brittle stars feed on it.

From this web's own account. taking the plankton and the fine detritus the water carries past · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The cleaner wrasse hunts it.

From this web's own account. What the cleaner wrasse is eating is the fish parasites, the little crustaceans that fasten onto skin and gill · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The eastern curlew hunts it.

From the book. The largest of these travellers, the eastern curlew, works the flats in a different register, stalking the mud on long legs and probing it with a preposterous down-curved bill, the better part of a hand-span of it, shaped precisely to reach down a crab's burrow and draw the crab out. · the book manuscript

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. A bill evolved to fit one job: down the burrow, around the bend, out with the crab. The crabs of the flats are the mainstay of its Australian diet in the book's telling, and the bird's steep decline tracks the paving-over of exactly this ground.

The claim. The fan worms feed on it.

From this web's own account. The crown takes the finest of the drift, the plankton and the particles too small for anything with a jaw · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The reef crabs hunt it.

From this web's own account. the whole of the animal's defence against the reef crabs · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The octopus hunts it.

From this web's own account. from the octopus feeling along a ledge to the rock lobsters out after dark · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The rock lobsters hunt it.

From this web's own account. to the rock lobsters out after dark · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The hard corals feed on it.

From the book. Sea stars and urchins graze the stone; a moray watches from a crevice; and over all of it drifts the slow snow of plankton that feeds the coral and the sponges. · the book manuscript

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. A coral is an animal with a mouth, and the slow snow is its dinner: each polyp strains its share of the drift. The book's own sentence carries the claim; the verb is eating, however gently it happens.

The claim. The nudibranchs hunt it.

From this web's own account. What takes them is the nudibranchs, which browse hydroid colonies · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The hydroids feed on it.

From this web's own account. What they take is the drift, the plankton small enough to be held by a stinging cell · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The leopard sharks hunt it.

From this web's own account. sucking out whatever is in there: the reef crabs, shellfish and worms of the broken ground · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The ghost crabs hunt it.

From the guide. Ghost crabs and foxes take them on the sand; seabirds and fish take them in the shallows and beyond. · read it in place →

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The prey here is the hatchling, not the adult: the crabs work the same strip of sand the nest was dug in, and the run to the water passes their burrows. Part of the natural gauntlet the page counts, long before the lights and the vehicles we added to it.

The claim. The seabirds hunt it.

From the guide. Ghost crabs and foxes take them on the sand; seabirds and fish take them in the shallows and beyond. · read it in place →

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The second leg of the hatchling's gauntlet, waiting past the break. The book names the hunters only as seabirds and fish, so the edge is drawn to the seabirds as a group and no further.

The claim. The manta rays feed on it.

From the book. manta rays that soar in on the current to hang above the pinnacle while little fish clean their skin, wings spanning several metres, filtering plankton with a wide, slow grace · the book manuscript

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The most disarming diet in the sea: a giant that eats the drift. The little fish cleaning its skin in the same sentence are a real trade, but this web's fixed verbs have no honest word for cleaning, so that connection stays in the prose rather than wearing the wrong label.

The claim. The migratory shorebirds hunt it.

From the guide. They teem with buried life: worms, crabs and molluscs, the rich harvest of the sediment and rotting leaf the estuary traps. · read it in place →

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The buried larder is the whole reason the birds come: a godwit lands burnt down to almost nothing and has to eat its way back to strength from exactly this mud. No local diet study is on file, so the edge stays at the book's word.

The claim. The moray eel hunts it.

From this web's own account. pushing its head into the reef's holes after the octopus, the reef crabs and sleeping fish · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The nudibranchs hunt it.

From this web's own account. another only particular sponges · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The octopus hunts it.

From this web's own account. the reef crabs, the grazing molluscs off the rock, and anything else it can prise, drill or simply overpower · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The grey nurse shark hunts it.

From this web's own account. the heavy, snaggle-toothed grey nurse shark holding station over a pinnacle is working the same water, though what it takes is the smaller and slower of these fish · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The guild overlaps at the small end: mackerel and other mid-sized shoaling fish are recorded grey nurse prey, tuna and kingfish are not, so the row claims the overlap and the account no longer says the shark is eating exactly this.

The claim. The pelagic hunters hunt it.

From this web's own account. including the young fish and prawns that leave the shelter of the meadow · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The pied oystercatcher hunts it.

From the book. pied oystercatcher *Haematopus longirostris* (a documented pipi predator) · the book manuscript

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The warrant is the chapter's own species note, which records the pied oystercatcher as a documented pipi predator; the body prose shows the bird probing the wet sand the pipis ride. The documenting study carries no author-year key in the register yet, so the edge stays at the book's word.

The claim. The cool-water sponges feed on it.

From the book. Sea stars and urchins graze the stone; a moray watches from a crevice; and over all of it drifts the slow snow of plankton that feeds the coral and the sponges. · the book manuscript

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. A sponge is a living pump, straining the passing water for the drift. The book's sentence names the diet; the tier admits there is no local feeding study behind it.

The claim. The ghost crabs hunt it.

From this web's own account. the ghost crabs hunt them at night · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The silver gulls hunt it.

From this web's own account. the silver gulls and the smaller shorebirds work the wrack for them at first light · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The sea anemones feed on it.

From this web's own account. mostly the drifting animals of the plankton · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The sea stars hunt it.

From this web's own account. The grazing molluscs are the usual victims · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The sea squirts feed on it.

From this web's own account. they take the smallest of the drift, the fine particles and the plankton the sponges are competing for · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The rock lobsters hunt it.

From this web's own account. where the rock lobsters and the sea stars that can get past an urchin's spines come in · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The sea stars hunt it.

From this web's own account. where the rock lobsters and the sea stars that can get past an urchin's spines come in · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The silver gulls hunt it.

From this web's own account. a loggerhead turtle hatchling crossing open sand in daylight is exactly what it is watching for · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The soft corals feed on it.

From this web's own account. Each polyp strains the same slow snow of plankton · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The wedge-tailed shearwater hunts it.

From this web's own account. squid, and the baitfish shoals pushed up from below by something larger · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The wobbegong hunts it.

From this web's own account. What it takes is whatever the rock holds: the octopus, the reef crabs and any fish that mistakes it for stone · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The wobbegong hunts it.

From this web's own account. the octopus, the reef crabs and any fish that mistakes it for stone · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The bar-tailed godwit lives in, nests in or shelters in it.

From the book. The estuaries and bays of this coast are a link in that chain, the East Asian–Australasian Flyway, and the wider Moreton Bay is recognised internationally, as a Ramsar wetland, for exactly this reason. · the book manuscript

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The tidal flats are the ground this bird's whole year turns on, and the book's point is that they are not interchangeable: the good ones are rare, far apart, and timed into the journey. Pave one and the chain loses a link the bird cannot fly around.

The claim. The bottlenose dolphins live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From this web's own account. The sheltered water of the Pumicestone Passage carries them as reliably as the open coast does · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The buried life of the flats lives in, nests in or shelters in it.

From the guide. And where the tide pulls right back it bares wide flats of mud and sand that look like wasteland and crawl with buried worms and crabs, the fuel stop for migratory shorebirds that fly in from the Arctic. · read it in place →

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. Under the same sentence as the birds, and one step below them: the passage bares the flat, the flat holds the buried worms and crabs, and the buried life is what the journey from the Arctic is spent on. No invertebrate survey of this passage is on file, so the edge claims only what the page narrates.

The claim. The migratory shorebirds live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From the guide. And where the tide pulls right back it bares wide flats of mud and sand that look like wasteland and crawl with buried worms and crabs, the fuel stop for migratory shorebirds that fly in from the Arctic. · read it in place →

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The passage's bared flats are one link in the flyway chain the wider bay is Ramsar-listed for. What the birds take from the ground is the buried larder; what the passage supplies is the calm, tide-combed flat that keeps the larder stocked.

The claim. The seagrass grows in it.

From the guide. In the clear shallows over pale sand lie the seagrass meadows, flowering plants rather than weed, the underwater pasture and nursery of the inshore sea. · read it in place →

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The shelter is the whole point: an island takes the ocean's blows on its own beach, and in the calm behind it the water stays clear enough for light to reach the sand. That is the one condition the meadow cannot do without, and this passage supplies it twice a day.

The claim. The leathery brown seaweeds grow in it.

From the book. On a single boulder, hard coral, unmistakably tropical, grows within a fin's-length of the leathery brown seaweeds and sponges of the cool south. · the book manuscript

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The third tenant of that one stone, beside the coral and the sponge. The book is careful that the temperate element on these reefs is leathery brown seaweed and not kelp, which is marginal this far north; no survey of this rock's algae is on file, so the edge claims only where the book puts them.

The claim. The burrowing shrimp live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From this web's own account. Between them and the sea cucumbers the flats are ploughed continuously · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The butterflyfish lives in, nests in or shelters in it.

From the book. Butterflyfish move in pairs, clouds of small damselfish hang over the coral, a parrotfish crunches at the rock. · the book manuscript

The source. Booth, D.J., Figueira, W.F., Gregson, M.A., Brown, L. & Beretta, G. (2007). Occurrence of tropical fishes in temperate southeastern Australia: role of the East Australian Current. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 72(1–2): 102–114.

How sure. Documented for these species, and not as a record made at this place. The source may well cover this coast; what it does not carry is the observation here. The tier word, not the verb, says where the work was done. The book's dive is at the headland reefs, the rocky shoals off Point Cartwright and Mooloolaba or the boulder reef ringing Mudjimba Island; the pairs of butterflyfish are part of the tropical crowd on that rock. Booth and colleagues recorded tropical reef fish of exactly this kind holding on rocky reefs well south of here, carried down as larvae by the same current: that is the elsewhere this tier names. Nobody has published a fish count for this boulder reef.

The claim. The cleaner wrasse lives in, nests in or shelters in it.

From this web's own account. a manta ray hanging with its wings out over the pinnacles at Wolf Rock · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The hard corals live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From this web's own account. give the drifting young of the hard corals the clean surface they need to settle on · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The coralline crusts grow in it.

From this web's own account. they run in pink sheets between the coral and the sponges · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The damselfish lives in, nests in or shelters in it.

From the book. Butterflyfish move in pairs, clouds of small damselfish hang over the coral, a parrotfish crunches at the rock. · the book manuscript

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The book hangs the damselfish clouds directly over the coral, and over the coral is where a damselfish spends its whole life: the heads are its shelter and its station. Held at the book's word, with no local survey claimed.

The claim. The dugong lives in, nests in or shelters in it.

From the guide. They would be astonished to learn that the sheltered waters on the coast's southern doorstep carry a nationally significant number of them, grazing a few hundred metres offshore in the broader Moreton Bay region and the Pumicestone Passage that opens off it. · read it in place →

The source. Lanyon, J.M. (2003). Distribution and abundance of dugongs in Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Wildlife Research 30(4): 397–409. DOI 10.1071/WR98082.

How sure. Documented for these species, and not as a record made at this place. The source may well cover this coast; what it does not carry is the observation here. The tier word, not the verb, says where the work was done. The record here is Lanyon's aerial surveys of Moreton Bay, which counted the animals over the bay's meadows season by season and found 80 to 98 per cent of them on the Eastern Banks, the far side of the bay from this passage. That the dugong uses the Pumicestone Passage is not in doubt; what this citation cannot show is a count made in the passage itself, so the tier says where the recorded work was done rather than claiming this ground. What the surveys recorded is presence and numbers, not diet, which is why the grazing edge beside this one also stays off a local claim.

The claim. The eastern curlew lives in, nests in or shelters in it.

From the book. It too breeds in the far north and spends the rest of the year on flats like these, and it has become a grim barometer of their health: as the mudflats of the flyway have been drained, walled and built over, the eastern curlew has declined so steeply that it is now listed as critically endangered. · the book manuscript

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. Eight or nine months of every year on tidal flats, so this bird reads as a gauge of them. The book states the decline and its cause; no local count is on file here, so the edge claims the ground and nothing about numbers.

The claim. The fan worms live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From this web's own account. The tubes cluster where the current runs steadily over the rock, on the shoals off Point Cartwright · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The grey mangrove grows in it.

From the guide. Walk out onto any tidal flat on this coast at low water and the tree standing in it will almost certainly be the same one: the grey mangrove, *Avicennia marina*, the most widespread mangrove in Australia and the owner of the middle band, estuary after estuary from the Noosa to the Pumicestone Passage. · read it in place →

The source. Leiper, G. et al. (2022). Mangroves to Mountains (3rd ed.). Native Plants Queensland.

How sure. Documented for these species, and not as a record made at this place. The source may well cover this coast; what it does not carry is the observation here. The tier word, not the verb, says where the work was done. The warrant is a field guide's placement of the species as the dominant mangrove of the region's tidal flats, inside the guide's competence. What the tree does to the estuary once it has arrived, trapping mud and building new ground, is the page's own story and is not claimed as part of this edge.

The claim. The grey nurse shark lives in, nests in or shelters in it.

From the guide. And Wolf Rock is more than a gathering place. It is the only spot on the east coast where pregnant females are known to see out their term, drawing a large share of the population's breeding mothers into a few square kilometres of sea. · read it in place →

The source. Bansemer, C.S. & Bennett, M.B. (2009). Reproductive periodicity, localised movements and behavioural segregation of pregnant Carcharias taurus at Wolf Rock, southeast Queensland, Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 374: 215–227. DOI 10.3354/meps07741.

How sure. Recorded or measured in this sea country itself. The site-specific record is Bansemer and Bennett's Wolf Rock study, which tracked pregnant females aggregating at exactly these pinnacles. A dependence on place rather than diet: the one address on the east coast where the population's mothers are known to carry their young.

The claim. The hard corals live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From the book. On a single boulder, hard coral, unmistakably tropical, grows within a fin's-length of the leathery brown seaweeds and sponges of the cool south. · the book manuscript

The source. Wallace, C.C., Fellegara, I., Muir, P.R. & Harrison, P.L. (2009). The scleractinian corals of Moreton Bay, eastern Australia: high-latitude, marginal assemblages with increasing species richness. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum — Nature 54(2): 1–118.

How sure. Documented for these species, and not as a record made at this place. The source may well cover this coast; what it does not carry is the observation here. The tier word, not the verb, says where the work was done. The book puts the coral on the boulder reef ringing Mudjimba Island, a fin's-length from the cool south's sponges: the two-oceans overlap on one stone. The recorded work behind it is Wallace and colleagues' catalogue of the marginal coral assemblages of Moreton Bay, the water south of here rather than this rock; no coral survey of the boulder reef itself is on file.

The claim. The hard corals live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From the book. To feel that overlap for yourself you have to get in the water, so take a mask down to one of the headland reefs: the rocky shoals off Point Cartwright and Mooloolaba, or the boulder reef ringing Mudjimba Island, the little island off Maroochydore that older maps call Old Woman Island. · the book manuscript

The source. Wallace, C.C., Fellegara, I., Muir, P.R. & Harrison, P.L. (2009). The scleractinian corals of Moreton Bay, eastern Australia: high-latitude, marginal assemblages with increasing species richness. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum — Nature 54(2): 1–118.

How sure. Documented for these species, and not as a record made at this place. The source may well cover this coast; what it does not carry is the observation here. The tier word, not the verb, says where the work was done. The chapter treats the headland shoals off Point Cartwright as one of the addresses where the overlap can be met, and the same paragraph puts hard coral on the stone. The register's coral record is Wallace and colleagues in Moreton Bay to the south; that is the elsewhere the tier means.

The claim. The hermit crabs live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From this web's own account. Between the tides they work the flats and the swash · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The moray eel lives in, nests in or shelters in it.

From this web's own account. on the shoals off Point Cartwright and under the Noosa headland, there is usually a moray in it · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The wedge-tailed shearwater lives in, nests in or shelters in it.

From the guide. The island is a seabird island. Wedge-tailed shearwaters come ashore here to breed, and like most of their family they nest neither in a tree nor on a ledge but underground, digging burrows into whatever soil the place can spare and raising a single chick out of sight. · read it in place →

The source. Dyer, P.K. (2000). Wedge-tailed shearwaters on Mudjimba Island, Queensland: numbers and breeding success. Corella 24(1/2): 15–18.

How sure. Recorded or measured in this sea country itself. What the island offers is not richer ground but an absence: the fox and the cat cannot cross the water, and for a bird that lays its egg in a hole in the ground that moat is the whole of the argument. The record is Dyer's own count of the burrows on this island and how many of them fledged a chick, which is as local as evidence gets; this page still states no figure, because the numbers are a season's work and not a standing fact.

The claim. The hard corals live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From the guide. The same hard rock carries on below the tideline as a reef, and what the East Australian Current puts on it, coral and cool-water sponge together, is worked out elsewhere in these pages (see two oceans on one rock). · read it in place →

The source. Wallace, C.C., Fellegara, I., Muir, P.R. & Harrison, P.L. (2009). The scleractinian corals of Moreton Bay, eastern Australia: high-latitude, marginal assemblages with increasing species richness. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum — Nature 54(2): 1–118.

How sure. Documented for these species, and not as a record made at this place. The source may well cover this coast; what it does not carry is the observation here. The tier word, not the verb, says where the work was done. The reef under the most walked headland in Queensland, carrying the warm current's half of the two-oceans bargain. The register's coral record is Wallace and colleagues' catalogue of the high-latitude assemblages of Moreton Bay, well to the south; nobody has published a coral survey of this headland, which takes the warming and the crowd together.

The claim. The cool-water sponges live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From the guide. The same hard rock carries on below the tideline as a reef, and what the East Australian Current puts on it, coral and cool-water sponge together, is worked out elsewhere in these pages (see two oceans on one rock). · read it in place →

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The cool south's half of the same rock, at the northern edge of what it can stand. Nothing in the register records the sponges of this reef, so this row claims expectation, and the page's own point stands beside it: the animals here are living close to the ceiling of what they can bear, under a crowd that never looks down.

The claim. The Noosa oyster reef rests on it.

From the guide. But they were reefs in every functional sense, built up over generations by native oysters cementing themselves onto one another's shells until they formed low, hard, living banks across the muddy bed. · read it in place →

The source. The Nature Conservancy Australia (2022). Noosa River — restoring shellfish reefs (Huon Mundy Reefs). The Nature Conservancy Australia. https://www.natureaustralia.org.au/what-we-do/our-priorities/oceans/ocean-stories/restoring-shellfish-reefs/noosa-river/.

How sure. Documented for these species, and not as a record made at this place. The source may well cover this coast; what it does not carry is the observation here. The tier word, not the verb, says where the work was done. The record is the restoration itself: foundation reefs have been laid across several sites in the lower Noosa River since 2022, so this habitat's presence in that estuary is a matter of public project record rather than inference. It is a record of the Noosa River and of no other, which is why the row sits here and not a tier higher. Authored as seen-here until August 2026, when the same row on the Maroochy web was reading as a claim about the Maroochy River, a whole catchment south of the reefs it describes.

The claim. The young fish and prawns live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From the guide. Small fish, prawns and crabs that would be hopelessly exposed on open mud find crevices to hide and grow in, so the reef quietly restocks the fishery around it, as the seagrass meadows and mangrove roots of the same river do. · read it in place →

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The reef's second free job: shelter. The nursery function is the accepted shellfish-reef ecology the restoration is betting on; a local survey of what settles into the new reefs is not on file yet, so the edge claims expectation.

The claim. The nudibranchs live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From this web's own account. They crawl slowly over the encrusting reef of the headland shoals off Point Cartwright · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The octopus lives in, nests in or shelters in it.

From this web's own account. Under the Noosa headland, where the rock breaks into ledges, those middens outside the doors are how a diver finds them at all · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The parrotfish lives in, nests in or shelters in it.

From the book. Butterflyfish move in pairs, clouds of small damselfish hang over the coral, a parrotfish crunches at the rock. · the book manuscript

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The crunching is the parrotfish scraping its living off the stone of the reef the book dives at Mudjimba and the headlands. What exactly it is rasping from this rock is not named in the record, so the grazing stays in this note and the edge claims only where it lives.

The claim. The pipefish and seahorses live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From this web's own account. Both live in the seagrass meadows and both depend on them completely · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The seagrass grows in it.

From the guide. The bare rock, no place for a rooted plant, gives way to soft sand, and on the sand grows seagrass, the pale flowering pasture that shelters the inshore nursery and holds the sediment steady. · read it in place →

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The soft face of the headland: the meadow grows in the calm the point makes at the river mouth, and the fish that hold the reef as adults were raised in it. Reef and pasture, a few hundred metres apart, each doing what the other cannot.

The claim. The cool-water sponges live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From the book. On a single boulder, hard coral, unmistakably tropical, grows within a fin's-length of the leathery brown seaweeds and sponges of the cool south. · the book manuscript

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The same boulder as the coral, read from the cool side: sponges and leathery brown seaweeds of the temperate south, living here at their warm limit with nowhere cooler to go.

The claim. The cool-water sponges live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From the book. To feel that overlap for yourself you have to get in the water, so take a mask down to one of the headland reefs: the rocky shoals off Point Cartwright and Mooloolaba, or the boulder reef ringing Mudjimba Island, the little island off Maroochydore that older maps call Old Woman Island. · the book manuscript

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The headland shoals hold the cool south's half of the bargain as the boulder reef does. The coral side of this rock's story has a published record in the bay to the south; the sponge side has none this web can reach. That is why two edges side by side wear different tiers.

The claim. The rock lobsters live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From this web's own account. The broken ground of the boulder reef ringing Mudjimba Island is the kind of place they hold · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The sea anemones live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From this web's own account. Anemones hold on where the rock is scoured hardest, on the boulder reef ringing Mudjimba Island · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The sea cucumbers live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From this web's own account. They work the soft bottom of the sheltered shallows, the Pumicestone Passage among them · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The sea squirts live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From this web's own account. how they hold their ground on the boulder reef ringing Mudjimba Island · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The seagrass grows in it.

From the book. Where rivers and tides drop their fine sediment, in the sheltered waters of the bays and passages, the bottom is soft mud and sand, and there, wherever the water is shallow and clear enough for light to reach, grow the seagrass meadows we met at the edge of the estuary in Chapter 8. · the book manuscript

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The meadow's needs are exact: soft sediment, shelter, and water clear enough for light to reach the sand. Anything that clouds the water shades the meadow out, and the book calls losing the seagrass pulling the floor out from under the inshore food web.

The claim. The young fish and prawns live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From the book. The seagrass meadow is the pasture, the nursery and the filter of the inshore sea all at once: a flowering plant, remember, not a weed, carpeting the shallows, feeding the things that graze it, sheltering a generation of young fish and prawns among its blades, holding the sediment steady, and, like its cousins the mangrove and the saltmarsh, locking away carbon in the mud beneath. · the book manuscript

The source. McPhee, D. (2017). Environmental History and Ecology of Moreton Bay. CSIRO Publishing.

How sure. Documented for these species, and not as a record made at this place. The source may well cover this coast; what it does not carry is the observation here. The tier word, not the verb, says where the work was done. The nursery half of the meadow's work: a generation of the fishery rides out its first months among the blades. That function is on the record for the bay region on this coast's southern doorstep, in McPhee's regional ecology; nobody has published a settlement survey of the meadows off this coast itself, so the tier says where the recorded work was done.

The claim. The brittle stars live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From this web's own account. brittle stars wind through it by the hundred · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The soft corals live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From this web's own account. they hold the surge-swept faces of the headland reefs off Point Cartwright · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The Sydney rock oyster lives in, nests in or shelters in it.

From the book. The region's rivers and the wider bay once held extensive oyster reefs, dense living banks of shell that cleaned the water and sheltered fish, and that were dredged and harvested away within a few generations until almost none were left. · the book manuscript

The source. Gillies, C.L., McLeod, I.M., Alleway, H.K., Cook, P., Crawford, C., et al. (2018). Australian shellfish ecosystems: past distribution, current status and future direction. PLOS ONE 13(2): e0190914. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0190914.

How sure. Documented for these species, and not as a record made at this place. The source may well cover this coast; what it does not carry is the observation here. The tier word, not the verb, says where the work was done. An odd connection to read, because the animal makes the ground it lives on: oysters cement onto one another's shells until the pile is a reef. Gillies and colleagues mapped what those banks once were across eastern Australia and how little is left; that is the record behind this row. What settles onto the new Noosa foundations has not been published, so nothing here claims a count.

The claim. The turfing algae grow in it.

From this web's own account. The turf covers the headland rock off Point Cartwright wherever nothing has eaten it back · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The wobbegong lives in, nests in or shelters in it.

From this web's own account. it lies motionless in a gutter or under a ledge on the boulder reef ringing Mudjimba Island · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The hard corals live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From the guide. What the rock holds, warm-water coral and cool-water sponge alike, lives at the edge of its tolerance, and a warming sea leans on all of it. · read it in place →

The source. Wallace, C.C., Fellegara, I., Muir, P.R. & Harrison, P.L. (2009). The scleractinian corals of Moreton Bay, eastern Australia: high-latitude, marginal assemblages with increasing species richness. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum — Nature 54(2): 1–118.

How sure. Documented for these species, and not as a record made at this place. The source may well cover this coast; what it does not carry is the observation here. The tier word, not the verb, says where the work was done. The pinnacles are a two-oceans reef standing alone in deep water, and the warm half of what they carry is coral at the southern edge of what it can bear. The register's coral record is Wallace and colleagues on the marginal assemblages of Moreton Bay, about a hundred kilometres south; the two Moreton Bay natural histories this page once leaned on do not cover Wolf Rock at all, which is exactly why this row says elsewhere and not here.

The claim. The leopard sharks live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From the guide. It has company. Leopard sharks, slender, spotted, harmless bottom-dwellers, lie on the sand below the pinnacles through the day. · read it in place →

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The pinnacles' daytime lodgers, parked on the sand between the stones. The book vouches for their presence and their harmlessness; no site survey key is on file, so the edge claims expectation.

The claim. The manta rays live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From the guide. Through the warmer months manta rays soar in on the current, wings spanning several metres, to hang above the rock while little fish clean their skin, filtering plankton with a wide, slow grace that makes them one of the most loved animals in the sea. · read it in place →

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. Warm-season visitors riding the current in to hang above the rock while little fish clean their skin. The cleaning trade itself has no honest home in this web's fixed verbs, so it stays in this note rather than pretending to be a different kind of connection.

The claim. The cool-water sponges live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From the guide. What the rock holds, warm-water coral and cool-water sponge alike, lives at the edge of its tolerance, and a warming sea leans on all of it. · read it in place →

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The cool half of the same sentence, and the half with nowhere to retreat to: a sponge at its warm limit cannot move north. Nothing in the register records the sponges of these pinnacles, here or anywhere comparable, so this row claims expectation and no more.

The claim. The temperate wrasses live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From the book. Duck under and the first surprise is that the reef is not one community but a collision of two. · the book manuscript

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The same mingling on the boulder reef the chapter names in the same breath as the headland shoals. The wrasse is the half of that collision with nowhere cooler to go, so it is worth marking on both grounds; no fish survey of either is on file.

The claim. The temperate wrasses live in, nest in or shelter in it.

From the book. Bright tropical reef fish mingle with stouter temperate wrasses and the sober, inquisitive fish of cooler water. · the book manuscript

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The book's mask goes down at the rocky shoals off Point Cartwright and Mooloolaba as well as at Mudjimba; the wrasses are the temperate half of the crowd on that rock, at the northern edge of their range as the corals are at the southern edge of theirs.

The claim. The fish parasites live at its expense.

From this web's own account. or a manta ray several metres across, will hang motionless in front of a fish a fraction of its size · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The fish parasites live at its expense.

From this web's own account. the reason a stout temperate wrasse, or a manta ray several metres across, will hang motionless · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The beach worms break it down when it falls.

From this web's own account. the detritus and the dead that the surf carries in and drops · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The ghost crabs break it down when it falls.

From this web's own account. the ghost crabs come up out of their burrows above the tideline to comb it over · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The sandhoppers break it down when it falls.

From this web's own account. The sandhoppers swarm in it by the thousand after dark · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The burrowing shrimp break it down when it falls.

From this web's own account. it brings them the detritus and bacteria they feed on · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The buried life of the flats breaks down its fallen leaves and litter.

From the book. The mudflats exposed at low tide, which look to us like the very definition of empty, are dense with buried life: worms, crabs, molluscs, the rich harvest of all that trapped sediment and rotting leaf. · the book manuscript

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet. The flats' hidden workforce lives on what the estuary traps: sediment and rotting leaf, worked back into flesh. It is the same detritus economy the mangrove chapter builds, met here at the seaward end, and the reason mud that looks empty can refuel a bird from Alaska.

The claim. The hermit crabs break it down when it falls.

From this web's own account. their trade is the detritus and the dead · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The marine bacteria break it down when it falls.

From this web's own account. the beach wrack thrown up along the strandline · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The marine bacteria break it down when it falls.

From this web's own account. They take the detritus apart molecule by molecule · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The marine bacteria break it down when it falls.

From this web's own account. dead seagrass blades piling in the shallows · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The marine fungi break it down when it falls.

From this web's own account. where the beach wrack along the strandline goes grey and soft under them · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The reef crabs break it down when it falls.

From this web's own account. because the detritus and the carcasses on a reef do not lie there overnight · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The sea cucumbers break it down when it falls.

From this web's own account. strips off the film of detritus and bacteria coating each grain · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The sea stars break it down when it falls.

From this web's own account. all of them help to see that the detritus settling on a reef is gone by morning · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The silver gulls break it down when it falls.

From this web's own account. It walks the swash for the detritus and the dead the surf has dropped · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.

The claim. The seagrass feeds the soil it grows in.

From this web's own account. Its roots and rhizomes bind the soft bottom of the flats into something that stays put in a current · general ecology for this kind of country, written here rather than quoted from the book or a guide page

The source. None on this row. The tier claims honest inference, not a recorded observation, and rests on the owning page's own cited prose.

How sure. Established for these species generally, and expected here for that reason. What is missing is the local record: nobody has published the observation made in this sea country yet.